Nigeria: Unconventional Approach to Curbing Pipeline Vandalism – the Community-Centric Approach, Pinl Model

[Vanguard] Pipeline vandalism remains one of the most persistent threats to energy security, environmental sustainability, and economic stability in oil- and gas-producing countries, particularly Nigeria. Conventional responses–largely anchored on militarization, surveillance technology, and punitive legislation–have yielded limited success despite decades of application.